Common signs of hip dysplasia in dogs

Hip dysplasia is one of the most common orthopedic conditions affecting dogs, particularly in large and giant breeds, although it can also occur in smaller dogs. It is a genetic disease that causes the hip joint to develop abnormally, leading to a loose fit between the head of the femur and the socket of the pelvis.

Over time, this instability causes inflammation, pain, and eventually osteoarthritis as the joint deteriorates. Recognizing the signs of hip dysplasia early is essential for providing appropriate care and improving a dog’s quality of life.

One of the earliest signs that a dog may be suffering from hip dysplasia is a reluctance to engage in physical activities they previously enjoyed. Owners might notice their dog becoming hesitant to climb stairs, jump into the car, or go for long walks. The dog may appear to tire more easily or seem uncomfortable after periods of activity. Another common sign is lameness in the hind limbs.

This lameness might be intermittent at first and become more consistent as the disease progresses. Some dogs display what is often referred to as a "bunny hop" gait, where both hind legs move together instead of alternately, especially when running or climbing.

Pain and discomfort in the hips may also cause dogs to shift their weight forward onto their front legs, resulting in an abnormal posture or uneven muscle development. The muscles in the hindquarters may become visibly smaller or atrophied due to decreased use, while the front legs may appear more muscular as they compensate for the hind limbs. In more severe cases, dogs might cry out or whine when their hips are touched or manipulated, and their range of motion may be significantly limited.

Behavioral changes can also be a clue. A normally friendly or active dog might become irritable, withdrawn, or reluctant to be handled. Difficulty rising from a lying or sitting position is another common sign, especially in the morning or after rest. As the joint continues to deteriorate, the symptoms usually become more severe and constant, impacting the dog’s mobility and overall well-being.

It’s important to note that not all dogs with hip dysplasia show symptoms early in life. Some dogs may have significant structural changes in the hip joint but only display signs of discomfort or lameness later in adulthood or even in their senior years.

Regular veterinary check-ups, combined with radiographic imaging, are essential to diagnose hip dysplasia accurately. Early intervention, whether through weight management, physical therapy, medication, or surgical options, can greatly improve a dog's comfort and long-term prognosis.

References:

Smith, G.K., et al. (1997). "Evaluation of the association between laxity, subluxation, and early osteoarthritis in dogs with hip dysplasia." American Journal of Veterinary Research, 58(9), 1023–1029.Riser, W.H. (1975). "Correlation of radiographic, gross and microscopic changes in canine hip dysplasia." Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 166(4), 345–353.

About the autor

Felipe Garofallo is a veterinarian in Brazil, specialized in orthopedic and neurosurgical care for dogs and cats.

He is also the founder of Ortho for Pets – Veterinary Orthopedics and Specialties.