Why is my dog’s nose dry and cracked?

A dog’s nose is often seen as an indicator of their overall health. While it’s normal for a dog’s nose to vary in moisture and texture throughout the day, some pet owners may become concerned when they notice that their dog’s nose is persistently dry and cracked. This condition can result from a number of underlying causes, ranging from harmless environmental factors to more serious health issues.

One of the most common reasons for a dry, cracked nose is simple dehydration or exposure to dry air. Dogs that spend a lot of time in air-conditioned or heated environments may lose moisture from their nasal tissue, leading to dryness and flaking.

Sunburn is another potential culprit, especially in dogs with light-colored or thin coats. Just like humans, a dog’s nose can suffer from UV damage if they spend too much time in the sun without protection.

Age can also play a role. Senior dogs are more likely to develop dryness on their noses simply due to natural aging processes. Their skin may become less elastic and produce fewer oils, contributing to cracking or crusty buildup. Brachycephalic breeds like Pugs, Bulldogs, and Shih Tzus are especially prone to nasal hyperkeratosis — a condition where excessive keratin builds up, creating a rough, dry, and sometimes painful surface.

Allergies, both environmental and food-related, may also lead to a dry nose in dogs. In some cases, the skin on the nose becomes inflamed or irritated due to allergens, resulting in dryness and cracking. Similarly, autoimmune diseases like pemphigus can manifest with lesions and crusting around the nose, although these conditions are relatively rare.

Infections, particularly fungal or bacterial, can cause cracking and sores on the nose. If the area appears swollen, discolored, or if there’s discharge, a veterinary evaluation is essential. In some cases, dryness may also be a side effect of certain medications or an indicator of systemic illness.

It’s important for dog owners not to panic at the first sign of a dry nose. If the dryness is mild and not causing discomfort, applying a dog-safe moisturizer such as shea butter or a balm specifically designed for pets can often resolve the issue. However, if the cracking is severe, persistent, bleeding, or accompanied by other symptoms like lethargy or appetite loss, it’s best to consult a veterinarian to rule out any underlying health problems.

A dog’s nose is more than just an adorable feature — it’s a sensitive organ that plays a critical role in their interaction with the world. Keeping an eye on its condition can help ensure your dog stays healthy and comfortable.

References

Miller, W.H., Griffin, C.E., & Campbell, K.L. (2013). Muller and Kirk's Small Animal Dermatology. 7th Edition. Elsevier Health Sciences.

Banovic, F. (2020). “Nasal planum dermatoses in dogs.” Clinician's Brief. https://www.cliniciansbrief.com/article/nasal-planum-dermatoses-dogs