When should a dog with joint pain get an X-ray?

Joint pain in dogs is a common concern among pet owners, especially as their companions age or become more active. However, determining the right moment to pursue diagnostic imaging such as an X-ray can be challenging.

Many dogs may show subtle signs of discomfort—like slowing down during walks, hesitating before jumping, or licking a particular joint—and it's not always clear whether these behaviors warrant advanced evaluation. While not every instance of joint pain requires an X-ray, there are situations where it becomes an essential tool for diagnosis and treatment planning.

One key factor is persistence. If your dog’s joint discomfort continues for more than a few days, despite rest and supportive care, it's wise to consult your veterinarian.

Sometimes what seems like a minor sprain or stiffness may in fact be early signs of orthopedic conditions like osteoarthritis, hip dysplasia, or even a cruciate ligament injury. In these cases, an X-ray can reveal underlying changes in the bone structure, joint space narrowing, or the presence of bone fragments or degenerative changes that can’t be seen externally.

Lameness that appears suddenly or worsens over time is another indication that X-rays might be necessary.

This is particularly true if the dog is non-weight-bearing on a limb, yelps in pain when the joint is touched, or if there is visible swelling. Trauma such as falls or accidents also typically calls for immediate imaging to rule out fractures or dislocations.

Additionally, if your veterinarian suspects a developmental or hereditary condition—especially in certain breeds predisposed to orthopedic diseases—they may recommend an X-ray even in younger dogs.

It’s also important to consider that early imaging can be helpful not just for diagnosis but also for monitoring disease progression or evaluating surgical outcomes. For instance, dogs recovering from TPLO surgery or FHO procedures often undergo periodic X-rays to ensure proper healing and bone remodeling. Likewise, dogs undergoing long-term management for arthritis may benefit from follow-up imaging to adjust treatment strategies based on the extent of joint degeneration.

Ultimately, the decision to take X-rays should always be made in collaboration with a veterinarian who can assess your dog’s history, symptoms, and physical examination findings.

Radiographs are not only diagnostic—they're a window into what’s going on beneath the surface, providing clarity when clinical signs alone are not enough. Acting at the right time can mean earlier intervention, better pain control, and improved quality of life for your dog.

References:

1. Johnston SA. Osteoarthritis. Joint anatomy, physiology, and pathobiology. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 1997;27(4):699–723.
   

2. Bennett D. Clinical aspects of pain in joint disease. Can Vet J. 1994;35(8):532–534.

About the autor

Felipe Garofallo is a veterinarian in Brazil, specialized in orthopedic and neurosurgical care for dogs and cats.

He is also the founder of Ortho for Pets – Veterinary Orthopedics and Specialties.