Recovery timeline after orthopedic surgery in dogs

The recovery timeline after orthopedic surgery in dogs can vary significantly depending on the type of surgery performed, the age and size of the dog, and how well post-operative care is managed at home.

While each case is unique, most dogs follow a general pattern of healing that unfolds in stages over the course of several weeks to months. Understanding this process can help dog owners set realistic expectations and provide the right environment for their pet to recover successfully.

Immediately after surgery, the first few days are critical. Pain management, rest, and preventing the dog from licking or chewing at the surgical site are essential. During this phase, most dogs are still under the influence of anesthesia and pain medications, which can make them sleepy or disoriented.

It’s important to restrict activity, keep them in a quiet and safe space, and follow the veterinarian’s instructions closely. In many cases, dogs may begin to toe-touch or lightly bear weight on the operated limb within a few days, though this is not always the case.

Over the first two weeks, tissue healing begins and inflammation gradually subsides. Stitches or staples are usually removed around 10 to 14 days post-surgery, provided the wound has healed properly and there are no signs of infection.

This period often requires the use of a crate or confined area to limit movement, as even small jumps or slips can compromise the surgical repair. For some procedures, such as TPLO (tibial plateau leveling osteotomy) or patellar luxation repair, controlled leash walks may be introduced during this stage, but only under veterinary guidance.

From weeks three to six, the dog typically enters a more active healing phase. Bone healing, particularly if implants like plates or screws were used, continues steadily. Physical therapy may be introduced to rebuild muscle strength, improve joint mobility, and prevent long-term stiffness or atrophy.

Passive range-of-motion exercises, underwater treadmill therapy, and cold laser treatments are commonly recommended. Most dogs start to regain better use of the limb during this time, but activity must still be closely monitored and limited to prevent setbacks.

By the time dogs reach the eight- to twelve-week mark, many are able to resume more normal daily activities, though full recovery is not yet complete. Radiographs are often taken at this stage to assess how well the bone has healed.

If the images show good bone remodeling and alignment, veterinarians may gradually clear the dog for longer walks, off-leash time in controlled environments, or even return to sporting activities in working or athletic dogs. Still, some procedures — especially those involving joint reconstruction — may require several more weeks of gradual rehabilitation before full strength and function are restored.

Complete recovery, particularly in larger dogs or in complex cases like total hip replacement or multiple limb surgeries, may take up to four to six months. During this time, owners must be vigilant about signs of pain, swelling, lameness, or behavioral changes that could indicate complications. Adhering strictly to follow-up appointments, physiotherapy schedules, and home-care instructions makes a significant difference in the long-term outcome.

In summary, the recovery timeline after orthopedic surgery in dogs is a gradual process that demands patience, structure, and close communication with your veterinary team. Although it may be difficult at times to keep an energetic dog calm and confined, these efforts are critical for ensuring the surgery is successful and that your dog returns to a pain-free, active life.

References:

– Canapp, S.O. (2007). The Canine Rehabilitation Institute's Principles and Practice of Canine Rehabilitation. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice, 37(5), 935–962.– Fitzpatrick, N., & Smith, T.J. (2015). Advances in Orthopedic Surgery in Dogs and Cats. Journal of Small Animal Practice, 56(2), 73–81.

About the autor

Felipe Garofallo is a veterinarian in Brazil, specialized in orthopedic and neurosurgical care for dogs and cats.

He is also the founder of Ortho for Pets – Veterinary Orthopedics and Specialties.