How to prevent orthopedic injuries in active dogs

Active dogs are a joy to watch — running, jumping, chasing balls, and exploring the world with endless enthusiasm. However, with that energy and athleticism comes a higher risk of orthopedic injuries.

Many of these injuries, such as torn cruciate ligaments, luxating patellae, hip dysplasia exacerbations, and repetitive strain injuries, can be painful, expensive to treat, and disruptive to the dog's quality of life. Fortunately, there are ways to reduce the chances of such injuries occurring, especially when owners are proactive about their pet’s lifestyle, environment, and routine care.

One of the most important factors in preventing orthopedic injuries is maintaining a healthy weight. Even a few extra pounds can significantly increase the strain on a dog’s joints, particularly during high-impact activities like running and jumping.

Dogs who are overweight are more likely to suffer from conditions like arthritis and ligament tears, especially in the knees. Regular exercise helps with weight control, but it must be appropriate for the dog’s age, breed, and physical condition.

Puppies, for example, have growing joints that are vulnerable to damage from excessive impact, while senior dogs may have underlying degenerative joint changes that make them prone to injury.

Exercise should be consistent but controlled. Sudden bursts of intense activity after prolonged rest — such as weekend-only outings — can shock a dog’s musculoskeletal system and increase the risk of trauma. A daily routine that includes moderate exercise, such as walks, gentle running, and low-impact play, helps build muscle strength and flexibility over time. It’s also crucial to warm up the dog with light activity before engaging in more intense play or training, especially in working or athletic breeds.

Surface and environment matter too. Slippery floors at home, uneven terrain outdoors, and hard surfaces can all contribute to falls or overextension of joints. Using rugs or rubber mats indoors, avoiding repetitive fetch on concrete, and supervising play in dog parks can minimize these risks. Additionally, jumping up and down from furniture or into cars should be discouraged unless the dog is physically conditioned for it, or provided with steps or ramps.

Breeds predisposed to orthopedic conditions, such as Labradors, German Shepherds, Golden Retrievers, and Bulldogs, benefit even more from early intervention. Regular check-ups with a veterinarian — particularly one with orthopedic experience — allow for early detection of joint issues.

Some dogs may benefit from joint supplements containing glucosamine, chondroitin, or omega-3 fatty acids, especially if recommended by a professional.

Structured physical therapy and strength training are not only for recovery but can also be preventive. Canine conditioning programs that include balance work, muscle strengthening, and core stability exercises help support the joints and improve coordination.

These activities are especially valuable for dogs involved in sports like agility, frisbee, or herding. Mental stimulation is just as important: a well-balanced dog is less likely to engage in erratic or overly aggressive movements that could lead to injury.

Preventing orthopedic injuries in active dogs requires attention to detail, consistency in care, and a commitment to long-term joint health.

While it’s impossible to eliminate all risks, thoughtful adjustments in the dog’s environment, exercise routine, and preventive care can significantly reduce the chances of serious injury and help your companion enjoy a long, mobile, and pain-free life.

References:

1. Worth, A. J., & Sutherland-Smith, J. (2013). Canine cranial cruciate ligament disease: epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment. Veterinary Medicine: Research and Reports, 4, 33–42.
   

2. Zink, M. C., & Van Dyke, J. B. (2013). Canine Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation. Wiley-Blackwell.

About the autor

Felipe Garofallo is a veterinarian in Brazil, specialized in orthopedic and neurosurgical care for dogs and cats.

He is also the founder of Ortho for Pets – Veterinary Orthopedics and Specialties.