Exercise for dogs with hip dysplasia or osteoarthritis

Hip dysplasia and osteoarthritis are conditions that affect mobility and overall well-being in pets, especially medium and large-breed dogs. While these diseases can limit movement and cause pain, tailored exercise is one of the most effective tools to improve the quality of life for affected animals.

The primary goal of exercise is to strengthen the muscles surrounding the joints, improve range of motion, manage body weight, and reduce the load on affected joints.

Before starting any exercise program, it is essential to perform a thorough veterinary evaluation. The professional can determine the degree of joint impairment and recommend safe activities for the pet. In many cases, exercise is combined with complementary therapies such as physical therapy, acupuncture, or hydrotherapy, in addition to medication for pain and inflammation control.

Exercises should be introduced gradually, avoiding abrupt movements or high-impact activities that could stress the joints. One of the best options for pets with hip dysplasia or osteoarthritis is walking. Walking at a moderate pace for short periods helps keep joints moving, stimulates circulation, and strengthens muscles. The walking surface should be flat and soft—such as grass or compact sand—to minimize impact. As the pet adapts, walk duration can be increased while always respecting signs of fatigue or discomfort.

Hydrotherapy is also highly recommended. Water reduces joint impact and allows the pet to perform broader movements without pain. Supervised sessions in a pool or underwater treadmill are ideal for strengthening muscles, improving joint mobility, and aiding in weight control. In addition, hydrotherapy is relaxing and can help reduce muscle tension.

Passive stretching is another important practice for pets with these conditions. With the animal relaxed, the owner or physical therapist can perform slow, controlled movements to stretch the hind leg muscles and increase hip joint range of motion. It is crucial to follow professional guidance to avoid injury.

For pets with greater mobility, low-impact exercises such as walking up and down gentle ramps or walking in circles can be added. These activities help improve balance and coordination while strengthening specific muscles. The use of unstable surfaces like therapy balls or balance platforms, under supervision, may also be beneficial in reinforcing stabilizing muscles.

Weight management is another key factor. Excess weight places additional strain on already weakened joints, worsening the symptoms of hip dysplasia or osteoarthritis. Therefore, exercise should be combined with a balanced diet, overseen by a veterinarian.

Finally, it is essential to respect the animal’s limits. Signs such as fatigue, limping, reluctance to move, or whining during or after exercise indicate that the intensity may be too high. A balance between physical activity and rest is vital to ensure muscle recovery and prevent flare-ups of the condition.

With a well-planned exercise program tailored to each pet’s individual needs, it is possible to provide a more comfortable and active life—even in the face of challenges posed by hip dysplasia or osteoarthritis. Ongoing veterinary follow-up is essential to adjust routines and ensure maximum benefit for the animal.

References

McGowan, C. M., Goff, L., & Stubbs, N. (2007). Animal Physiotherapy: Assessment, Treatment, and Rehabilitation of Animals. Wiley-Blackwell.

Johnston, S. A., & Tobias, K. M. (2018). Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal. Elsevier.